{"id":8059,"date":"2024-09-04T15:19:30","date_gmt":"2024-09-04T13:19:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/igloonet.cz\/blog\/?p=8059"},"modified":"2024-09-09T10:41:14","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T08:41:14","slug":"datove-vizualizacni-minimalismus-a-jak-ho-aplikovat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/igloonet.cz\/blog\/datove-vizualizacni-minimalismus-a-jak-ho-aplikovat\/","title":{"rendered":"Datov\u011b-vizualiza\u010dn\u00ed minimalismus a jak ho aplikovat"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Datov\u00e9 vizualizace tvo\u0159\u00ed ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st cel\u00e9ho analytick\u00e9ho procesu. Bohu\u017eel jsou z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed velice opom\u00edjenou. Ve v\u011bdeck\u00fdch kruz\u00edch se mnohdy vych\u00e1z\u00ed i z n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek let star\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f, kter\u00e9 se jen pomalu aktualizuj\u00ed. Z hlediska u\u017eivatele je vizualiza\u010dn\u00ed proces velmi ovlivn\u011bn\u00fd trendy a vlastn\u00edm experimentov\u00e1n\u00edm. Jedn\u00edm z t\u011bchto trend\u016f je i datov\u011b\u2011vizualiza\u010dn\u00ed minimalismus, kter\u00fd protla\u010duj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 z osobnost\u00ed vizualiza\u010dn\u00ed sc\u00e9ny. P\u0159i nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 aplikaci v\u0161ak mohou b\u00fdt v\u00fdsledky katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed. Pokud se chcete t\u00e9to pohromy vyvarovat, tak \u010dt\u011bte d\u00e1l a najd\u011bte sv\u016fj vizualiza\u010dn\u00ed balanc!<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Vizualizace a jejich m\u00edsto v analytick\u00e9m procesu<\/h2>\n

\u0158ekn\u011bme si to up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b \u2013 spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 a kvalitn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed analytiky je dlouh\u00fd a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd proces, kter\u00fd stoj\u00ed pen\u00edze. Pokud jste analytici, tak to jist\u011b zn\u00e1te. Intern\u00ed market\u00e9\u0159i \u010di CMO maj\u00ed zase s nastaven\u00edm analytiky zku\u0161enost z druh\u00e9 strany.<\/p>\n

Typick\u00e9 jsou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dlouh\u00e9 sch\u016fzky. P\u0159i nich se dopt\u00e1v\u00e1me na nejmen\u0161\u00ed mali\u010dkosti, proto\u017ee se sna\u017e\u00edme co nejl\u00e9pe poznat klient\u016fv business. Vym\u00fd\u0161l\u00edm\u00e9 nov\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a nakonec vyb\u00edr\u00e1me to nejlep\u0161\u00ed. A to je teprve za\u010d\u00e1tek. Pot\u00e9 p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na \u0159adu tvorba implementa\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu, dal\u0161\u00ed konzultace s klientem a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b s v\u00fdvojem, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed v samotnou implementaci. N\u00e1sleduje testov\u00e1n\u00ed, aplikace a integrace dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f \u010di modelov\u00e1n\u00ed a spojov\u00e1n\u00ed dat nap\u0159. v BigQuery.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e v\u0161echno m\u00e1me hotov\u00e9, p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na \u0159adu ten \u201ezlat\u00fd h\u0159eb\u201d, ke kter\u00e9mu p\u0159edchoz\u00ed kroky sm\u011b\u0159ovaly \u2013 prezentace v\u00fdsledk\u016f analytiky klientovi.<\/p>\n

Prezentace v\u00fdsledk\u016f prob\u00edh\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u011b, nicm\u00e9n\u011b nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm jsou reporty \u010di p\u0159\u00edmo interaktivn\u00ed dashboardy, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed i datov\u00e9 vizualizace. Jedn\u00e1 se o popul\u00e1rn\u00ed formu v\u00fdstup\u016f, proto\u017ee datov\u00e9 vizualizace jsou skv\u011bl\u00e9 na jednoduch\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed dat a spojov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed do kontextu. P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee byste v\u00fdsledky z n\u011bkolika reklamn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a z r\u016fzn\u00fdch kampan\u00ed za ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed prezentovali v tabulkov\u00e9m form\u00e1tu. Klient by z takov\u00e9 formy nebyl zrovna nad\u0161en\u00fd, proto\u017ee by z toho zkr\u00e1tka nic nevy\u010detl. M\u00e1lokdo si ale uv\u011bdomuje, \u017ee \u0161patn\u011b zvolen\u00fd vizualiza\u010dn\u00ed design m\u016f\u017ee report znep\u0159ehlednit a klienta zm\u00e1st \u010di mystifikovat.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00e1ste\u010dnou odpov\u011bd\u00ed na nep\u0159ehlednost datov\u00fdch vizualizac\u00ed, zbaven\u00ed se p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9ho balastu a striktn\u00ed prezentov\u00e1n\u00ed pouze datov\u011b\u2011vizualiza\u010dn\u00edch prvk\u016f je pr\u00e1v\u011b minimalismus.<\/p>\n

P\u016fvod datov\u011b\u2011vizualiza\u010dn\u00edho minimalismu a co to vlastn\u011b znamen\u00e1<\/h2>\n

Pokud se v oblast\u00ed datov\u00fdch vizualizac\u00ed trochu pohybujete, tak jste se ur\u010dit\u011b setkali se jm\u00e9nem Edward Tufte. Tento, dnes ji\u017e osmdes\u00e1tidvoulet\u00fd, profesor statistiky se v\u00fdrazn\u011b pod\u00edlel na formov\u00e1n\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed podoby datov\u00fdch vizualizac\u00ed a zp\u016fsob\u016f prezentace dat. Mimo to je pr\u00e1v\u011b on hlavn\u00ed postavou v p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu datov\u011b-vizualiza\u010dn\u00edho minimalismu, do kter\u00e9ho p\u0159isp\u011bl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dv\u011bma pojmy \u2013 data-ink-ratio<\/em> a chartjunk<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Data-ink-ratio<\/h3>\n

Data\u2011ink\u2011ratio je spojen\u00edm n\u011bkolika slov, kter\u00e1 na prvn\u00ed pohled nemus\u00ed d\u00e1vat smysl. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je t\u00edm hlavn\u00edm, co definuje, zda je datov\u00e1 vizualizace minimalistick\u00e1, nebo nen\u00ed. Ve zkratce se jedn\u00e1 o jednoduch\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det, ve kter\u00e9m vyd\u011bl\u00edme \u201edatov\u00fd inkoust\u201c (v dne\u0161n\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed dob\u011b si za inkoust dosad\u00edme pixely), kter\u00fd byl pou\u017eit\u00fd pro re\u00e1ln\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed dat, s ve\u0161ker\u00fdm inkoustem, je\u017e obsahuje dan\u00e1 vizualizace. Pro lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed si m\u016f\u017eeme vzore\u010dek i graficky zn\u00e1zornit:<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledkem bude \u010d\u00edslo, kter\u00e9 ve zkratce ur\u010duje, jak moc je dan\u00e1 vizualizace minimalistick\u00e1. \u010c\u00edm bl\u00ed\u017ee k \u010d\u00edslu 1, t\u00edm v\u00edce je aplikovan\u00fd minimalismus, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e rovn\u00e1 1 je znakem absolutn\u00edho minimalismu a vizualizace, kter\u00e1 neobsahuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00fd balast. Pr\u00e1v\u011b s t\u00edmto balastem je spojen\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed term\u00edn, a to chartjunk<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Chartjunk<\/h3>\n

Chartjunkem<\/em> se rozum\u00ed jak\u00fdkoliv vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed prvek v datov\u00e9 vizualizaci, kter\u00fd nem\u00e1 sv\u00e9 opodstatn\u011bn\u00ed z datov\u011b\u2011vizualiza\u010dn\u00edho pohledu. M\u016f\u017ee se jednat o vod\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ry, grid<\/em>, barevn\u00e9 pozad\u00ed, pou\u017eit\u00ed st\u00ednov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo dokonce 3D efektu. Nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou informa\u010dn\u00ed hodnotu a pouze \u201ep\u0159ek\u00e1\u017e\u00ed\u201c informa\u010dn\u011b nosn\u00fdm a nezbytn\u00fdm prvk\u016fm. Pro lep\u0161\u00ed ilustraci si m\u016f\u017eeme chartjunk<\/em> uk\u00e1zat na n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm obr\u00e1zku:<\/p>\n

<\/a>

Zdroj obr\u00e1zku: Infovis Wiki<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

Pokud bychom se zbavili v\u0161ech prvk\u016f, na kter\u00e9 ukazuje \u010derven\u00e1 \u0161ipka, tak z\u00edsk\u00e1me daleko p\u0159ehledn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a l\u00e9pe pou\u017eitelnou vizualizaci. U\u017eivatel uvid\u00ed data a nebudou jej rozptylovat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed prvky, kter\u00e9 ve vizualizaci nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt a naopak jsou sp\u00ed\u0161e ru\u0161iv\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Datov\u011b\u2011vizualiza\u010dn\u00ed minimalismus tedy spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed maximalizaci pom\u011bru prvk\u016f datov\u00fdch a minimalizaci t\u011bch nedatov\u00fdch, tedy chartjunku<\/em>.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklady minimalistick\u00fdch vizualizac\u00ed a jejich problemati\u010dnost<\/h2>\n

Na prvn\u00ed pohled se tento minimalismus m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t super. P\u0159i spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 aplikaci jsou v\u00fdsledkem vizualiazce, kter\u00e9 maxim\u00e1ln\u011b reprezentuj\u00ed data a jsou informa\u010dn\u011b nabit\u00e9 bez rozptyluj\u00edc\u00edch prvk\u016f okolo. Takovou vizualizaci si m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159edstavit n\u00e1sledovn\u011b:<\/p>\n

<\/a>

Zdroj obr\u00e1zku: Tufte\u2019s Principles of Data-Ink<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

Jak je vid\u011bt na obr\u00e1zku, tak vizualizace neobsahuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd chartjunk. Nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 vod\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ry, grid, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pozad\u00ed \u010di dokonce 3D efekt. Velk\u00fd d\u016fraz se klade na samou podstatu vizualizace, a to p\u0159edat informace jasn\u011b a srozumiteln\u011b.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ale tento minimalistick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup vyhnali do \u00fapln\u00e9ho extr\u00e9mu, co\u017e m\u016f\u017eeme vid\u011bt na dal\u0161\u00edm obr\u00e1zku Ten je rovn\u011b\u017e datov\u011b minimalistick\u00fd a neobsahuje chartjunk<\/em>. Na druhou stranu ale chyb\u00ed i prvky, kter\u00e9 pro mnoh\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed samotnou podstatu dan\u00e9 vizualizace. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je na obr\u00e1zku zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00fd box plot, ve kter\u00e9m v\u0161ak chyb\u00ed boxy.<\/p>\n

<\/a>

Zdroj obr\u00e1zku: Tufte\u2019s Principles of Data-Ink<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

Zde nar\u00e1\u017e\u00edme na hranici toho, kdy minimalismus za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 \u0161kodit. Ano, pokud m\u00e1te informaci, \u017ee je dan\u00e1 vizualizace vlastn\u011b box plotem<\/em>, tak si sami v hlav\u011b dok\u00e1\u017eete boxy vizualizovat. Je to ale dal\u0161\u00ed proces, kter\u00fd je nutn\u00e9 ud\u011blat. Absence grafick\u00e9ho zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed box\u016f tak b\u011b\u017en\u00e9mu u\u017eivateli p\u0159enos informac\u00ed nezjednodu\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nemus\u00edme ale z\u016fstat pouze u box plotu<\/em> bez box\u016f<\/em>. Pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 je chartjunkem<\/em> i bar v bar chartu, respektive 2D podstata samotn\u00e9ho sloupce. Ta je v minimalistick\u00fdch variant\u00e1ch nahrazovan\u00e1 jednoduchou \u010darou, kter\u00e1 se sna\u017e\u00ed o fungov\u00e1n\u00ed v jedn\u00e9 dimenzi.<\/p>\n

Small multiples a sparklines<\/h2>\n

Pokud existuj\u00ed formy, kde se datov\u011b\u2011vizualiza\u010dn\u00ed minimalismus projevuje nejv\u00edce, jsou to small multiples<\/em> a sparklines<\/em>. Oba vizualiza\u010dn\u00ed objekty jsou minimalistick\u00e9 ji\u017e ze sv\u00e9 podstaty a pro chartjunk<\/em> tak nen\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd prostor.<\/p>\n

Small multiples<\/h3>\n

Small multiples p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed sadu minimalistick\u00fdch graf\u016f, kter\u00e9 spojuje stejn\u00fd vizualiza\u010dn\u00ed styl, m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko a osy. Jeliko\u017e se tyto vizualizace nach\u00e1z\u00ed v \u0159ad\u011b nebo jednom bloku, je velmi jednoduch\u00e9 mezi sebou jednotliv\u00e9 hodnoty porovn\u00e1vat, co\u017e zaru\u010duje pou\u017eit\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka a osy. V t\u011bchto datov\u011b\u2011vizualiza\u010dn\u00edch bloc\u00edch se m\u016f\u017eeme setkat i s des\u00edtkami vizualizac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se mus\u00ed vej\u00edt na jednu str\u00e1nku tak, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed hodnot. Vizualizace jsou velmi mal\u00e9, a tud\u00ed\u017e se \u201e\u0161et\u0159\u00ed m\u00edstem\u201c, kde se d\u00e1. Logicky se odstran\u00ed v\u0161e, co nem\u00e1 informa\u010dn\u011b vypov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed hodnotu \u2013 chartjunk<\/em>.<\/p>\n

<\/a>

Zdroj obr\u00e1zku: Juice Analyts<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

Sparklines<\/h3>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm projevem sam\u00e9 podstaty datov\u011b-vizualiza\u010dn\u00edho minimalismu jsou sparklines<\/em>. Tyto drobn\u00e9 vizualizace nemaj\u00ed \u010dasto vyzna\u010den\u00e9 osy ani zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko \u010di jednotky. Jejich c\u00edlem je prost\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed trendu. Jsou tak mal\u00e9, \u017ee se s nimi m\u016f\u017eeme \u010dasto setkat v samotn\u00e9m textu, kter\u00fd dopl\u0148uj\u00ed o grafick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b u\u017eit\u00ed sparklines<\/em> je hlavn\u00edm nositelem informa\u010dn\u00ed hodnoty text, kter\u00fd sekund\u00e1rn\u011b dopl\u0148uje tato vizualizace.<\/p>\n

<\/a>

Zdroj obr\u00e1zku: Juice Analytics<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

Pokud obchodujete na finan\u010dn\u00edch trz\u00edch, velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se s nimi \u010dasto setk\u00e1v\u00e1te ve form\u011b widget\u016f \u010di seznam\u016f. Jejich c\u00edl je i v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jasn\u00fd, a to uk\u00e1zat trend obchodovan\u00e9ho aktiva za v\u00e1mi zvolen\u00e9 obdob\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u011b nic nep\u0159eh\u00e1n\u011bt<\/h2>\n

U datov\u00fdch vizualizac\u00ed plat\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e kde jinde, \u017ee by se nic nem\u011blo p\u0159eh\u00e1n\u011bt. Extr\u00e9mem byla devades\u00e1t\u00e1 a nult\u00e1 l\u00e9ta, kdy byly velmi obl\u00edben\u00e9 3D vizualizace a velk\u00e1 barevnost. Naproti tomu ale stoj\u00ed druh\u00fd extr\u00e9m, kter\u00fd aplikuje datov\u011b\u2011vizualiza\u010dn\u00ed minimalismus v podob\u011b, kdy odporuje jeho samotn\u00e9 podstat\u011b, a to uleh\u010dit u\u017eivateli p\u0159\u00edjem informac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je naj\u00edt rovnov\u00e1hu. M\u011bjte minimalismus na pam\u011bti. Pokud ud\u011bl\u00e1te pro klienta n\u011bjak\u00fd report nebo cel\u00fd dashboard, tak se zam\u011b\u0159te na ka\u017ed\u00fd jeden graf a zap\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte, zda by nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u011bkterou z jeho \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed odebrat tak, aby bylo zobrazen\u00ed \u010dist\u0161\u00ed a \u010diteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba to p\u0159eh\u00e1n\u011bt \u010di se striktn\u011b dr\u017eet v n\u011bjak\u00e9m vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9m data-ink-ratio<\/em> rozmez\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u010ceho se rozhodn\u011b vyvarujte, je pou\u017eit\u00ed st\u00ednov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo 3D efektu. Tyto prvky byly, jsou a budou v\u017edy nadbyte\u010dn\u00e9. Nemaj\u00ed jinou ne\u017e estetickou funkci (co\u017e z nich ale ned\u011bl\u00e1 n\u011bco esteticky hodnotn\u00e9ho), kter\u00e1 v\u0161ak siln\u011b naru\u0161uje funkci informa\u010dn\u00ed, je\u017e by m\u011bla b\u00fdt v datov\u00fdch vizualizac\u00edch prim\u00e1rn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

K cel\u00e9mu t\u00e9matu se mrkn\u011bte i na prezentaci<\/a>, se kterou jsme byli na MeasureCampu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Datov\u00e9 vizualizace tvo\u0159\u00ed ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st cel\u00e9ho analytick\u00e9ho procesu. Bohu\u017eel jsou z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed velice opom\u00edjenou. Ve v\u011bdeck\u00fdch kruz\u00edch se mnohdy vych\u00e1z\u00ed i z n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek let star\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f, kter\u00e9 se jen pomalu aktualizuj\u00ed. Z hlediska u\u017eivatele je vizualiza\u010dn\u00ed proces velmi ovlivn\u011bn\u00fd trendy a vlastn\u00edm experimentov\u00e1n\u00edm. Jedn\u00edm z t\u011bchto trend\u016f je i datov\u011b\u2011vizualiza\u010dn\u00ed minimalismus, kter\u00fd protla\u010duj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 z osobnost\u00ed vizualiza\u010dn\u00ed sc\u00e9ny. P\u0159i nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 aplikaci v\u0161ak mohou b\u00fdt v\u00fdsledky katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed. Pokud se chcete t\u00e9to pohromy vyvarovat, tak \u010dt\u011bte d\u00e1l a najd\u011bte sv\u016fj vizualiza\u010dn\u00ed balanc!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":48,"featured_media":8067,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[370],"tags":[74,340,443],"class_list":["post-8059","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analytika","tag-analytika","tag-data","tag-how-to"],"yoast_head":"\nDatov\u011b-vizualiza\u010dn\u00ed minimalismus a jak ho aplikovat | igloonet blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Datov\u00e9 vizualizace tvo\u0159\u00ed ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st cel\u00e9ho analytick\u00e9ho procesu. 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