{"id":3368,"date":"2015-10-08T09:30:34","date_gmt":"2015-10-08T07:30:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/igloonet.cz\/blog\/?p=3368"},"modified":"2015-10-14T14:47:03","modified_gmt":"2015-10-14T12:47:03","slug":"regexy-pro-marketery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/igloonet.cz\/blog\/regexy-pro-marketery\/","title":{"rendered":"Regexy pro market\u00e9ry"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Regul\u00e1r, regex, regexp, ale hlavn\u011b regul\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdraz. Pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 slova pov\u011bdom\u00e1 a pro ostatn\u00ed zcela nezn\u00e1m\u00e1. Ale jsou i lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed je pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed denn\u011b a nedok\u00e1\u017eou si bez nich pr\u00e1ci s daty p\u0159edstavit. Bu\u010fte mezi nimi i vy!<\/p>\n

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Na internetu je hromada n\u00e1vod\u016f na tvorbu regul\u00e1r\u016f z pohledu programov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a> a datab\u00e1z\u00ed<\/a>, ale nikde se ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed \u010dist\u011b marke\u0165\u00e1ck\u00e9 pot\u0159eby. Jako studentka informatiky jsem se setkala s regul\u00e1rn\u00edmi v\u00fdrazy, ale co \u010dlov\u011bk pochyt\u00ed ve \u0161kole, nen\u00ed pak v pr\u00e1ci prakticky schopen pou\u017e\u00edt a do p\u016fl roku zapomene i podstatu. Proto jsem se rozhodla sestavit n\u00e1vod pro ty, kdo o regul\u00e1rech nev\u00ed zhola nic anebo o nich jen sly\u0161eli, ale nikdy nev\u011bd\u011bli, jak je pou\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n

V online sf\u00e9\u0159e je nespo\u010det n\u00e1stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed a o\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed dat pr\u00e1v\u011b regul\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdrazy. Kdo si v\u0161ak mysl\u00ed, \u017ee si vysta\u010d\u00ed pouze s filtrem \u201eobsahuje\u201c (contains), se m\u016f\u017ee docela m\u00fdlit a ur\u010dit\u011b nejednou naraz\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy bude tento filtr nedostate\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad AdWords<\/a> regul\u00e1ry nepodporuje, setk\u00e1me se s nimi v Google Analytics<\/a> nebo v dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u00edch (PPC Bee<\/a>, AdBoost<\/a>). Najdeme je tak\u00e9 v oby\u010dejn\u00fdch tabulkov\u00fdch editorech, jako je LibreOffice Calc<\/a>. V\u00fdborn\u00e9 je nap\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i proch\u00e1zen\u00ed a \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed XML feed\u016f.<\/p>\n

Pozor na syntax<\/h3>\n

Abychom na to \u0161li od za\u010d\u00e1tku. Regexp si m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159edstavit jako textov\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec, kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 omezenou sadu znak\u016f pro filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di manipulaci s textem. V programovan\u00ed slou\u017e\u00ed hlavn\u011b pro kontrolu spr\u00e1vn\u011b zadan\u00fdch informac\u00ed do formul\u00e1\u0159\u016f (zkontroluju si, \u017ee emailov\u00e1 adresa obsahuje zavin\u00e1\u010d a neobsahuje diakritiku). Abych byla p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, regul\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdraz je textov\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec, kter\u00fd tvo\u0159\u00ed masku (p\u0159edpis, vzor) nad jin\u00fdm textov\u00fdm \u0159et\u011bzcem (nap\u0159\u00edklad, \u017ee telefonn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z dev\u00edti \u010d\u00edslic).<\/p>\n

V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch \u0159\u00e1dc\u00edch si vysv\u011btl\u00edme v\u00fdznam jednotliv\u00fdch speci\u00e1ln\u00edch znak\u016f a uk\u00e1\u017eeme si jejich praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Mus\u00edme p\u0159itom pamatovat na to, \u017ee ne v\u0161echny n\u00e1stroje maj\u00ed toto\u017enou syntax, proto\u017ee b\u011b\u017e\u00ed d\u00edky rozd\u00edln\u00fdm programovac\u00edm jazyk\u016fm, ale nem\u011bl by existovat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd se ned\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
Oper\u00e1tor<\/th>Popis<\/th>P\u0159\u00edklad<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
|
\n<\/td>		nebo<\/td>a|b = a nebo b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
.
\n<\/td>		Jak\u00fdkoliv symbol v\u010detn\u011b b\u00edl\u00fdch znak\u016f<\/td>p.k = pak, plk, p k, p2k<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
*<\/td>Zajist\u00ed opakov\u00e1n\u00ed znaku od 0 do nekone\u010dna<\/td>3* = \u201enic\u201c,3,33,333, atd.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
+<\/td>Zajist\u00ed opakov\u00e1n\u00ed znaku od 1 do nekone\u010dna<\/td>3+ = 3, 33, 333, atd.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
?<\/td>Zajist\u00ed opakov\u00e1n\u00ed znaku od 0 do 1<\/td>3? = \u201enic\u201c, 3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a{x}, a = znak, x = cel\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo<\/td>Zajist\u00ed opakov\u00e1n\u00ed znaku kolikr\u00e1t zad\u00e1me do slo\u017een\u00fdch z\u00e1vorek<\/td>2{3} = 222<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
a{x,y}, a = znak, x = cel\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, y = cel\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo > x<\/td>Zajist\u00ed opakov\u00e1n\u00ed znaku v zadan\u00e9m intervalu<\/td>2{1,3} = 2,22,222<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\\d<\/td>V\u0161echny numerick\u00e9 znaky<\/td>\\d+ = libovoln\u011b dlouh\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec za sebou jdouc\u00edch \u010d\u00edslic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\\D<\/td>V\u0161echny nenumerick\u00e9 znaky v\u010detn\u011b b\u00edl\u00fdch znak\u016f<\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\\w<\/td>V\u0161echna p\u00edsmena<\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\\W<\/td>V\u0161echny nep\u00edsmenn\u00e9 znaky v\u010detn\u011b b\u00edl\u00fdch<\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\\s<\/td>B\u00edl\u00e9 znaky jako mezery, tabul\u00e1tory , \u201eentery\u201c<\/td>\\s{2,} = p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy je za sebou v\u00edce mezer nebo jin\u00fdch b\u00edl\u00fdch znak\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\\S<\/td>V\u0161echny viditeln\u00e9 znaky<\/td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\\<\/td>Znam\u00e9nko, kter\u00e9 ud\u011bl\u00e1 z oper\u00e1tor\u016f klasick\u00fd znak<\/td>\\+, \\*, \\\/, \\|, \\?, \\.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
^<\/td>Za\u010d\u00e1tek \u0159\u00e1dku<\/td>^a.* = v\u0161e, co za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 p\u00edsmenem a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
$<\/td>Konec \u0159\u00e1dku<\/td>.*a$ = v\u0161e, co kon\u010d\u00ed p\u00edsmenem a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n

P\u0159\u00edklady z praxe<\/h1>\n

A tady u\u017e se dost\u00e1v\u00e1me od teorie k praxi. P\u0159ipravila jsem re\u00e1ln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady, kter\u00e9 jsem \u0159e\u0161ila p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s daty. P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1m, \u017ee tyto operace n\u00e1m slou\u017e\u00ed k vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f a \u0159\u00e1dk\u016f, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b k operac\u00edm na \u010d\u00e1stech textu (nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201enaj\u00edt a nahradit\u201c).<\/p>\n

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  1. Produkt obsahuje %vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1zev% \u201e+ D\u00e1rek zdarma\u201c<\/strong> a chci ozna\u010dit v\u0161echno za + <\/strong>v\u010detn\u011b n\u011bj.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n